---
name: entra-app-registration
description: "Guides Microsoft Entra ID app registration, OAuth 2.0 authentication, and MSAL integration. USE FOR: create app registration, register Azure AD app, configure OAuth, set up authentication, add API permissions, generate service principal, MSAL example, console app auth, Entra ID setup, Azure AD authentication. DO NOT USE FOR: Azure RBAC or role assignments (use azure-rbac), Key Vault secrets (use azure-keyvault-expiration-audit), Azure resource security (use azure-security)."
license: MIT
metadata:
  author: Microsoft
  version: "1.0.0"
---

## Overview

Microsoft Entra ID (formerly Azure AD) is Microsoft's cloud-based identity and access management service.

### Key Concepts

| Concept                     | Description                                                         |
| --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **App Registration**        | Configuration that allows an app to use Microsoft identity platform |
| **Application (Client) ID** | Unique identifier for your application                              |
| **Tenant ID**               | Unique identifier for your Azure AD tenant/directory                |
| **Client Secret**           | Password for the application (confidential clients only)            |
| **Redirect URI**            | URL where authentication responses are sent                         |
| **API Permissions**         | Access scopes your app requests                                     |
| **Service Principal**       | Identity created in your tenant when you register an app            |

### Application Types

| Type                      | Use Case                      |
| ------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| **Web Application**       | Server-side apps, APIs        |
| **Single Page App (SPA)** | JavaScript/React/Angular apps |
| **Daemon/Service**        | Background services, APIs     |

## Core Workflow

### Step 1: Register the Application

Create an app registration in the Azure portal or using Azure CLI.

**Portal Method:**

1. Navigate to Azure Portal → Microsoft Entra ID → App registrations
2. Click "New registration"
3. Provide name, supported account types, and redirect URI
4. Click "Register"

**CLI Method:** See [references/cli-commands.md](references/cli-commands.md)
**IaC Method:** See [references/BICEP-EXAMPLE.bicep](references/BICEP-EXAMPLE.bicep)

It's highly recommended to use the IaC to manage Entra app registration if you already use IaC in your project, need a scalable solution for managing lots of app registrations or need fine-grained audit history of the configuration changes.

### Step 2: Configure Authentication

Set up authentication settings based on your application type.

- **Web Apps**: Add redirect URIs, enable ID tokens if needed
- **SPAs**: Add redirect URIs, enable implicit grant flow if necessary
- **Mobile/Desktop**: Use `http://localhost` or custom URI scheme
- **Services**: No redirect URI needed for client credentials flow

### Step 3: Configure API Permissions

Grant your application permission to access Microsoft APIs or your own APIs.

**Common Microsoft Graph Permissions:**

- `User.Read` - Read user profile
- `User.ReadWrite.All` - Read and write all users
- `Directory.Read.All` - Read directory data
- `Mail.Send` - Send mail as a user

**Details:** See [references/api-permissions.md](references/api-permissions.md)

### Step 4: Create Client Credentials (if needed)

For confidential client applications (web apps, services), create a client secret, certificate or federated identity credential.

**Client Secret:**

- Navigate to "Certificates & secrets"
- Create new client secret
- Copy the value immediately (only shown once)
- Store securely (Key Vault recommended)

**Certificate:** For production environments, use certificates instead of secrets for enhanced security. Upload certificate via "Certificates & secrets" section.

**Federated Identity Credential:** For dynamically authenticating the confidential client to Entra platform.

### Step 5: Implement OAuth Flow

Integrate the OAuth flow into your application code.

**See:**

- [references/oauth-flows.md](references/oauth-flows.md) - OAuth 2.0 flow details
- [references/console-app-example.md](references/console-app-example.md) - Console app implementation

## Common Patterns

### Pattern 1: First-Time App Registration

Walk user through their first app registration step-by-step.

**Required Information:**

- Application name
- Application type (web, SPA, mobile, service)
- Redirect URIs (if applicable)
- Required permissions

**Script:** See [references/first-app-registration.md](references/first-app-registration.md)

### Pattern 2: Console Application with User Authentication

Create a .NET/Python/Node.js console app that authenticates users.

**Required Information:**

- Programming language (C#, Python, JavaScript, etc.)
- Authentication library (MSAL recommended)
- Required permissions

**Example:** See [references/console-app-example.md](references/console-app-example.md)

### Pattern 3: Service-to-Service Authentication

Set up daemon/service authentication without user interaction.

**Required Information:**

- Service/app name
- Target API/resource
- Whether to use secret or certificate

**Implementation:** Use Client Credentials flow (see [references/oauth-flows.md#client-credentials-flow](references/oauth-flows.md#client-credentials-flow))

## MCP Tools and CLI

### Azure CLI Commands

| Command                      | Purpose                     |
| ---------------------------- | --------------------------- |
| `az ad app create`           | Create new app registration |
| `az ad app list`             | List app registrations      |
| `az ad app show`             | Show app details            |
| `az ad app permission add`   | Add API permission          |
| `az ad app credential reset` | Generate new client secret  |
| `az ad sp create`            | Create service principal    |

**Complete reference:** See [references/cli-commands.md](references/cli-commands.md)

### Microsoft Authentication Library (MSAL)

MSAL is the recommended library for integrating Microsoft identity platform.

**Supported Languages:**

- .NET/C# - `Microsoft.Identity.Client`
- JavaScript/TypeScript - `@azure/msal-browser`, `@azure/msal-node`
- Python - `msal`

**Examples:** See [references/console-app-example.md](references/console-app-example.md)

## Security Best Practices

Never hardcode secrets · Rotate secrets regularly · Use certificates over secrets in production ·
Least privilege API permissions · Enable MFA · Use managed identity for Azure-hosted apps ·
Validate tokens (issuer, audience, expiration) · HTTPS-only redirect URIs ·
Monitor sign-ins via Entra ID logs. See `references/auth-best-practices.md` for details.

## SDK Quick References

- **Azure Identity**: [Python](references/sdk/azure-identity-py.md) | [.NET](references/sdk/azure-identity-dotnet.md) | [TypeScript](references/sdk/azure-identity-ts.md) | [Java](references/sdk/azure-identity-java.md) | [Rust](references/sdk/azure-identity-rust.md)
- **Key Vault**: [Python](references/sdk/azure-keyvault-py.md) | [TypeScript](references/sdk/azure-keyvault-secrets-ts.md)

## References

- [OAuth Flows](references/oauth-flows.md) - Detailed OAuth 2.0 flow explanations
- [CLI Commands](references/cli-commands.md) - Azure CLI reference for app registrations
- [Console App Example](references/console-app-example.md) - Complete working examples
- [First App Registration](references/first-app-registration.md) - Step-by-step guide for beginners
- [API Permissions](references/api-permissions.md) - Understanding and configuring permissions
- [Troubleshooting](references/troubleshooting.md) - Common issues and solutions

## External Resources

- [Identity Platform](https://learn.microsoft.com/entra/identity-platform/) | [OAuth 2.0/OIDC](https://learn.microsoft.com/entra/identity-platform/v2-protocols) | [MSAL](https://learn.microsoft.com/entra/msal/) | [Graph API](https://learn.microsoft.com/graph/)

## Reference Index

| Reference                              | When to Load           |
| -------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| `references/api-permissions.md`        | Api Permissions        |
| `references/auth-best-practices.md`    | Auth Best Practices    |
| `references/cli-commands.md`           | Cli Commands           |
| `references/console-app-example.md`    | Console App Example    |
| `references/first-app-registration.md` | First App Registration |
| `references/oauth-flows.md`            | Oauth Flows            |
| `references/troubleshooting.md`        | Troubleshooting        |
